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Preventing deconditioning in care homes and the community

Written by Tristan Hulbert, Vivid.Care. Author of “The Healthcare Professional’s Complete Guide to Specialist Seating Assessments”. Last updated: 3 August 2026.

Deconditioning doesn’t stop at the hospital door. Function gained in hospital routinely gets lost in the weeks after transfer, and long-term care has its own version of the same problem: residents who spend the whole day in one chair, moved only for meals and bed. The drivers are different, the physiology is identical, and so is the prevention. Move more, sit better, eat sitting up, and measure what’s actually happening.

Why gains get lost on transfer

Somebody discharged on Pathway 1 or 2 has usually just been through a period of intensive attention to their mobility. Therapy has been involved, goals have been set, and there was a reason to get up each day. Then they arrive somewhere new.

  • The plan doesn’t travel. Functional goals set in hospital rarely arrive in a form the receiving team can act on. “Mobilises with a frame” isn’t a plan.
  • Nobody knows the baseline. The receiving team meets the person at their post-admission worst, and reasonably assumes that’s who they are.
  • The first fortnight decides a lot. Confidence, routine and expectation all get set early, and they’re hard to shift afterwards.
  • The environment changes. A different chair, a different bed height, a different distance to the toilet, and no familiar landmarks.
  • Risk aversion after a fall. A new resident who falls in week one often has their mobility restricted for the rest of their stay.

Boyd and colleagues (JAGS 2008) followed older adults for a year after an acute admission and found recovery of pre-admission function to be variable and often incomplete. A meaningful share of that unrecovered function is lost after discharge rather than during the admission, which puts it squarely in community and care home hands.

Deconditioning in long-term care

The care home version looks different from the hospital version, and it’s easy to miss because nobody is lying in bed.

The chair-bound resident

A resident gets hoisted from bed to a chair after breakfast and stays in that chair until the evening. On paper they’ve been up all day. In practice they’ve made one transfer and haven’t changed position in eight hours.

That’s worse than it looks on both counts. It gives none of the muscle loading that repeated transfers would provide, and it concentrates pressure over the ischial tuberosities and sacrum for far longer than any seating guidance supports. International seating recommendations (EPUAP, NPIAP and PPPIA, 2019) suggest limiting unrelieved sitting to around two hours per session for people who can’t reposition themselves. Eight hours is four times that.

The fix isn’t more time in bed. It’s more transfers, position changes within the chair, and a chair that supports repositioning rather than one the resident is simply parked in.

Other patterns worth looking for

  • Meals brought to the chair. Convenient, and it removes two or three transfers a day.
  • Continence products used instead of trips to the toilet. Removes several more, and costs dignity.
  • Activities everybody attends seated. Worth doing, but not a substitute for movement.
  • Wheelchairs used for transport rather than mobility. Faster for staff, and it turns a walk into a ride.
  • The chair that doesn’t fit. A resident in a chair that’s too deep slides forwards, gets uncomfortable, and asks to go to bed. The chair has decided how their day goes.
Where to start

Three changes a care home or community team can make this month

1

Ask what they could do a month ago

On admission to the home, or at the first community visit, record what the person could do before the hospital stay: walking, stairs, washing, dressing, toileting. Ask the family if the person can't tell you. Without that baseline you're treating their post-admission state as their normal, and nobody will aim any higher.

2

Count the transfers, not the hours up

A resident who is out of bed for ten hours but made one transfer is more immobile than one who is up for four hours and moved six times. Count position changes and transfers rather than time out of bed, because that's the number that reflects the physiology.

3

Fix the chair before anything else

A resident in a chair that's too deep or too high slides, gets uncomfortable and asks to go back to bed. No amount of activity planning survives an unsuitable chair. Check seat depth, seat height, back angle and armrest height for each resident individually, not for the room.

The discharge to assess link

NHS England’s Model discharge pathway (July 2026) sets the expectation that assessment of longer-term need happens outside the acute hospital wherever possible, on Pathways 1 to 3. That’s the right principle, and it moves a significant responsibility to community and care home teams.

It creates a specific risk, though. If a long-term care decision gets made about somebody at their post-admission worst, in the first fortnight after transfer, it will be a worse decision than one made after four weeks of proper reablement. The guidance intends assessment to happen after recovery has had a chance, not on arrival.

Practically, that means the receiving team needs the pre-admission baseline, a functional goal, and a period where active recovery is expected rather than optional. See deconditioning and discharge for what the guidance actually says.

Hospital at Home and virtual wards

Hospital at Home and virtual wards are growing fast, and they change the deconditioning picture in both directions.

The advantage is real. Somebody treated at home keeps their own routine, their own chair, their own toilet and their own reasons to move. A lot of what causes hospital deconditioning simply doesn’t apply.

The risk gets discussed less. Somebody acutely unwell at home, with less supervision and often one unsuitable armchair, can be just as immobile as an inpatient and considerably less observed. Nobody is counting their sit-out rate, and there’s no ward round to notice they haven’t stood up for two days.

The mitigations are the same as anywhere else: record a baseline, set a functional goal, make sure the chair fits, and ask about movement at every contact rather than only about symptoms.

Related reading

On the equipment side, the Circulo and care chair range covers the seating most often specified in these settings.

Common questions

Deconditioning in care homes: common questions

Why do people decline after leaving hospital?

Because the functional plan rarely travels with them. The receiving team meets the person at their post-admission worst and often assumes that’s their normal, no pre-admission baseline gets recorded, and the first fortnight sets the routine and expectations for the rest of the stay. Boyd and colleagues (JAGS 2008) found recovery of pre-admission function after an acute admission to be variable and frequently incomplete.

Sources

  1. Boyd CM, Landefeld CS, Counsell SR, et al. Recovery of activities of daily living in older adults after hospitalization for acute medical illness. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2008;56(12):2171-2179.
  2. European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline, 2019.
  3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pressure ulcers: prevention and management. Clinical guideline CG179, 2014.
  4. NHS England. Model discharge pathway, publication reference PRN02543, 7 July 2026.
  5. British Geriatrics Society. Deconditioning Hub and “Sit up, get dressed, keep moving”, 2017 onwards.
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